三种北极微藻对不同温度的适应性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

夏利花  何剑锋  高岩  张汝民  张芳  蔡明红  罗玮 《极地研究》2009,21(4):279-287

为了研究北极微藻对不同环境温度的适应性,对分离自北极王湾地区的三种微藻-玛氏骨条藻(Skeletonema marinoi)、小球藻(Chlorella sp.)和衣藻(Chlamydomonas sp.)在不同温度条件下(0℃、4℃和8℃)的生长曲线和抗氧化酶系统进行了测定.结果表明微藻对温度的适应性因种而异:玛氏骨条藻在4℃具有最快生长速率,最高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性,及最低的丙二醛(MDA)含量;小球藻的最快生长速率及酶活均在8℃时,MDA含量最低值出现在0℃;衣藻生长情况相差不大,MDA含量的最低值出现在8℃.抗氧化酶系统变化规律也因藻种及温度而异--在0℃与4℃变化时,玛氏骨条藻抗氧化酶系统的三个指标的差异极显著(P<0.01);在0℃与8℃变化时,玛氏骨条藻与小球藻的SOD活性的差异显著(P<0.05),其余两个指标差异不显著;衣藻在三个温度下的三个指标差异均不显著.总体而言,三种藻对三个温度的适应性均较好:其MDA的含量均较低,三种藻各自具有独特的生理代谢机制来适应不同的温度环境.  相似文献   

海洋微藻的无菌化处理及对其生长特性和生化组成的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周文俊  郑立  郑明刚  高伟  崔志松  徐鲁燕 《海洋学报》2012,34(6):177-186

利用常用抗生素(氨苄青霉素、链霉素、氯霉素和卡那霉素)对4株海洋微藻(1株金藻和3株小球藻)进行了无菌化处理,并对这4株微藻在带菌和无菌培养时的生长特征和生化组成进行了比较。结果表明:中高浓度(≥100 mg/dm3)的单种抗生素或抗生素组合可抑制微藻的生长,个别低浓度(50 mg/dm3)的抗生素或抗生素组合可促进微藻的生长;氨苄青霉素、链霉素和卡那霉素各200 mg/dm3联合使用处理球等鞭金藻,氯霉素100, 50, 50 mg/dm3单独使用分别处理小球藻C95, CV和C146,可获得这4株微藻的无菌藻系;无菌培养的4株海洋微藻的稳定期持续时间由除菌前的4~5 d延长到15~20 d,藻液悬浮性增强,藻细胞不易老化;除菌后微藻的主要生化成分发生明显变化,球等鞭金藻的叶绿素A、叶黄素和总脂含量显著增加,小球藻C95和CV的总蛋白含量显著增加,3株小球藻的脂肪酸组成如EPA, PUFA等的含量发生显著变化。  相似文献   

海洋微藻中脂肪酸的气相色谱分析   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16  

蔡阿根  郑爱榕 《海洋技术学报》1998,17(4):64-68

本文以正十九碳酸作内标,用ＨＣＩ－ＣＨ３ＯＨ对海洋微藻进行抽提酯化后做毛细管气相色谱分析。方法的重现性各脂肪酸的相对偏差为０．３％－１１．６％,回收率为８５．７％－１０３．３％,仪器稳定性的相对偏差为０．２－３．１％。。  相似文献   

东海富营养化封闭海水养殖海域浮游植物分布与控制因子     

霍元子  韦章良  刘巧  杨芳芳  龙丽娟  张琪  毕洪生  何青  何培民 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(8):102-112

The distribution of phytoplankton and its correlation with environmental factors were studied monthly during August 2012 to July 2013 in the Yantian Bay. A total of 147 taxa of phytoplankton were identified, and the average abundance was in the range of 0.57×10~4 to 7.73×10~4 cell/L. A total of 19 species dominated the phytoplankton assemblages, and several species that are widely reported to be responsible for microalgae blooms were the absolutely dominant species, such as Skeletonema costatum, Navicula sp., Thalassionema nitzschioides,Pleurosigma sp., and Licmophora abbreviata. The monthly variabilities in phytoplankton abundance could be explained by water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), and suspended solids. The results of a redundancy analysis showed that p H and nutrients, including DIN and silicate(SiO_4), were the most important environmental factors controlling phytoplankton assemblages in specific months. It was found that nutrients and pH levels that were mainly influenced by mariculture played a vital role in influencing the variation of phytoplankton assemblages in the Yantian Bay. Thus, a reduction of mariculture activities would be an effective way to control microalgae blooms in an enclosed and intensively eutrophic bay.  相似文献   

中华原钩虾(Eogammarus possjeticus)对浒苔(Ulva prolifera)及其他类型饵料的摄食研究     

薛素燕  毛玉泽  丁敬坤  蒋增杰  方建光 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(5):1109-1115

采用生理生态学方法,研究了中华原钩虾(Eogammaruspossjeticus)对黄海绿潮原因种浒苔(Ulva prolifera)及海水池塘4种优势大型海藻,即肠浒苔(Ulva intestinalis)、扁浒苔(Ulva compressa)、线形硬毛藻(Chaetomorphalinum)和丝毛藻(Cloniophorasp.)的摄食率,比较了对浒苔与其他不同类型饵料(包括人工饵料)的摄食,开展了不同密度的中华原钩虾对浒苔的现场摄食研究。结果显示,中华原钩虾的摄食率、饵料吸收率与海藻的含水量成呈正相关,表明该端足类存在明显的补偿性摄食行为。对不同类型饵料的摄食结果显示,中华原钩虾除了摄食海藻,对豆粕、虾饲料等人工饵料也具有较高的饵料吸收率,表明其可人工投喂培育。中华原钩虾具有一定摄食节律,夜晚摄食量高于白昼,表明夜晚投喂有利于中华原钩虾摄食,可减少饵料污染,有利于清洁生产。现场摄食实验结果显示,中华原钩虾摄食量随养殖密度的增加而增加,但其摄食率和存活率与养殖密度呈负相关,表明高密度时中华原钩虾竞争摄食增加了饵料消耗,同时中华原钩虾为抵抗养殖密度过高造成的竞争而增加能量等消耗。  相似文献   

Microalgae and Clean Technologies: A Review     

Maiara Priscilla de Souza  Michele Hoeltz  Lisianne Brittes Benitez  Ênio Leandro Machado  Rosana de Cassia de Souza Schneider 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(11)

The search for clean technologies needs to be continued to offer alternatives for achieving sustainable energy production and a sustainable economy. This concern is particularly related to the demands of both producing enough renewable energy to meet future needs and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Microalgae are recognized for several benefits they offer, and in recent years, the use of life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the benefits resulting from microalgae cultivation, harvesting/dewatering, biomass drying, extraction, and byproduct development has stimulated research in this area. Considering the importance of microalgae and clean technologies and the increasing number of publications on these subjects, this review aims to perform bibliometric mapping of such studies from 2008 to 2018. Web of Science and Scopus databases are used to identify leading trends. Visualization of similarities viewer (VOSviewer) software is applied to analyze the interactions among keywords. The results of this study indicate an association of microalgae and clean technologies and demonstrate that LCA is one of the most common tools used for such analyses. Bibliometric mapping provides relevant data to reinforce this association and understand the main bottlenecks that must be overcome in this field for future progress to be made.  相似文献   

Algal populations and characteristics of oxygen exchange of effluent samples from a facultative oxidation pond   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

D. E. Irving  F. I. Dromgoole 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):9-16

Algal populations in a facultative oxidation pond were monitored over a 12 month period. The relationships between cell counts of individual species and characteristics of oxygen exchange, determined from changes in dissolved oxygen concentration in response to varying light flux density, were investigated by correlation analysis. These measurements were made in the laboratory at a constant temperature (15°C). Microalgae (Chlorella spp.) usually made up at least 80% of the total cell numbers, whereas Euglena acus, E. gracilis, and Ankistrodesmus falcatus var. acicularis separately made up less than 10% of the total counts. However, when cell volumes were considered, E. acus usually made the greatest contribution, and this species accounted for 86% (=r²) of the variation in total cell volume. The detectable pigment concentration in the water was closely related to the numbers of E. acus present (r=0.81, P <0.001) but not to the numbers of microalgae (r=0.00). Cell counts of E. acus were highly correlated with the light saturated rate of net oxygen production (P_{n max}) and to the rate under limiting light supply (6) because of the high detectable pigment contribution from this species. It was calculated that E. acus contributed, on average, about 44% of the total rate of net oxygen production, whereas the proportion attributed to the microalgae was 8%.  相似文献   

A review of the ecology and management of temporarily open/closed estuaries in South Africa,with particular emphasis on river flow and mouth state as primary drivers of these systems     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):163-180

Research in South African temporarily open/closed estuaries that includes studies on the hydrodynamics, sediment dynamics, macronutrients, microalgae, macrophytes, zoobenthos, hyperbenthos, zooplankton, ichthyoplankton, fishes and birds is used as a basis to review the ecology and management of this estuary type on the subcontinent. Particular attention is given to the responses of the different ecosystem components to the opening and closing of the estuary mouth and how this is driven by riverine and marine events, as well as anthropogenic influences. In addition, the wider implications of these research findings for the management of temporarily open/closed estuaries in terms of freshwater supply are explored, together with the role of government legislation in maintaining the ecological integrity of these important wetland systems.  相似文献   

Value and management of the subsistence fishery at Knysna Estuary,South Africa     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):297-310

Knysna Estuary supports an estimated 30 full-time and 200 part-time subsistence fishers involved in bait collection, mud crab harvesting, and fishing. The mud prawn Upogebia africana dominates the bait-fishery, with estimated catches amounting to about 3% of the standing stock, suggesting sustainable use. Harvest of Marphysa spp. and Gorgonorhynchus dayi is conducted in a destructive manner. Most of the value of fishing lies in the setline catches of spotted grunter Pomadasys commersonnii and white steenbras Lithognathus lithognathus, whereas small species and individuals, particularly Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi, are also caught with handlines. Indications are that the linefishery is also sustainable at present. The subsistence fishery is worth an estimated R0.7-R1.1 million per annum, with full-time fishers earning at least R11 000-R17 000 per annum from the estuary. Currently operating under recreational regulations, the fishery is poorly controlled and fails to reach its full potential. The main threat to the estuary from damaging harvests of bait species, such as Marphysa spp. and G. dayi, should be discouraged through heavy penalisation of buyers and traders. Sales of mud prawn could probably be legalised. If off-take rates are found to be sustainable, sales of certain fish species could be legalised if access to the fishery could be effectively controlled under a co-management arrangement.  相似文献   

过氧化氢对两种海洋微藻的毒性效应研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

董正臻  董振芳  丁德文  李青松 《海洋科学进展》2004,22(3):320-327

运用可见分光光度法,研究了不同H2O2浓度和不同作用时间对青岛大扁藻(P.helgolandica var.tsingdaoensis)和新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium)的毒性效应,得到了H2O2对两种藻72h的抑制率,并且在同-H2O2浓度条件下,对不同生长期和不同浓度细胞的毒性作用进行了对比。结果表明,低浓度的H2O2对微藻种群增长有微弱的促进作用,随着H2O2浓度的增加,促进作用变为抑制作用,抑制率也由负变正,并且H2O2浓度越大、作用时间越长其毒性作用越大;H2O2浓度相同时,对微藻生长的抑制作用随着细胞浓度的增大而减小,而且对稳定期细胞的抑制作用大于指数期细胞。  相似文献